Recently, we've been taking an in depth look at the various chemicals used in your spa and how they can affect your water. Sometimes it seems like even when you do everything right, you still end up with green tinged or oily water. So how do you prevent common water conditions from occurring and resolve them once they start popping up? Let's take a look!
Oils & Scum
Oily residue or scum that floats around the top of your water or as a ring around the water's edge is unpleasant to look at, not to mention a great place for bacteria to thrive - not something that we want in our beautiful clear hot tub water. The cause of the oil and scum can usually be determined by the colour of it:
- Brown: Generally a brown scum line indicates a problem with the chemical ratio in your hot tub, specifically your pH levels. Do a water test to check the levels, then add a pH decreaser or increaser to get your levels back in range
- Green: Green scum usually shows up when there are metals in your water. Dissolved metals in the water like magnesium and copper interact with the sanitizer and cause green scum to form. If these metals are naturally high in the water in your area, try using a pre-filter when filling your hot tub to eliminate the metals before they even enter the tub
- Blue-green: A bluish-green colour of scum indicates that your filter might need a good clean. Every time the hot tub is used body oils and even personal care products such as lotion or sunscreen are put into the water. If the filter isn't cleaned regularly enough or becomes clogged, you'll begin to notice the blue-green scum. Give your filtration system a good clean to ensure it's able to do a proper job filtering the particles out of your water (for more info on how to thoroughly clean your filter, have a look at our previous article about filtration)
Green Spa Water
Green tinted water isn't a pretty sight and can indicate a few different underlying issues with your spa water.
- Chemical Imbalance: The first step whenever you have a water issue is to test the water to ensure your chemicals are in proper range. If they aren't, it can lead to a host of water issues including green tinted water.
- Slimy Feel: If the water is green and the sides of your hot tub are starting to feel slimy, algae might have started to bloom in your water. Make sure you're shocking your spa regularly, cleaning your filters thoroughly, and keeping up with sanitation of your spa to stop bacteria and organic matter from growing in your spa.
- Minerals: High levels of minerals in your spa water not only causes oil and scum, it can also make itself known by tinting your water a shade of green.
- Dyes: If everything looks good, take a look at your bathing suit! New and brightly coloured clothing can leech small amounts of dye into the water and cause water colour changes.
Foamy Water
The kids might find fluffy, foamy bubbles fun to play with, but it's not a good sight to see in your spa. As with all water conditions, you'll want to start by testing your water.
- High pH: When levels of pH are too high in your spa, you can start to notice foam in the water. Make sure your pH is in proper range and correct the levels with a pH decreaser as needed.
- Personal Products: Lotions, makeup, hair products, and even leftover soap from freshly washed bathing suits can accumulate in your water and cause a buildup of foam. For this, prevention is key: have a quick rinse in the shower before going in the spa to remove these particles from your skin. you can also try an oil sponge like the Zorbie to absorb these particles.
- Calcium Hardness: Low calcium hardness in your spa is extremely hard on your spa and creates perfect water conditions for lathery, foamy water. Make sure you're keeping up to date with your regular water maintenance and weekly water testing, and use a calcium hardness increaser if you find levels are low.
Cloudy Water
Cloudy and murky water is not a pretty sight to see in your hot tub when all you want is a relaxing soak. This is an extremely common water issue and can have many different causes.
- Total Dissolved Solids: After a couple months of continuously adding chemicals to your spa, the water eventually becomes saturated with dissolved chemicals and is unable to dissolve anymore, which leads to cloudy water. Make sure you're refilling your spa about every 3-4 months to prevent this issue.
- Chemical Levels: Like all other issues on this list, any spa chemicals that aren't balanced will cause water issues including cloudy water. Always make sure you're testing your water regularly and adjusting levels with chemicals as needed to maintain clear water: this includes adjusting pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness as well as maintaining a consistent sanitizing and shocking schedule. Remember that if you start using your spa more or less than usual, you'll need to keep an extra close eye on chemicals levels as chemical levels change with spa usage.
- Personal Products: Ah, personal care products. Along with foamy, scummy water, these can also cause cloudy particles to pop in your spa. As mentioned before, have a quick shower before entering the spa to rinse off any particles that may be on your skin so they don't enter your spa water.
- Filter Problems: The filter is wildly important for your spa, as it's doing the grunt work of removing all these harmful particles from your spa water. If the filter isn't cleaned thoroughly or routinely, you'll start to notice your water getting worse. Always make sure you're thoroughly rinsing your filter about once a week, doing a chemical soak to remove stubborn oils about once a month, and replacing your filter with a fresh new one about once a year.
- Spa Pump: After awhile, your spa pump itself can start to have issues that can lead to cloudy water. First of all, make sure your pump is running for a minimum of 2 hours a day to ensure water is being circulated throughout the spa and filter properly. If you've had a problem with leaves, twigs or dirt in the water, these can end up being stuck in the pump's impeller itself which inhibits the water flow - try to avoid this by using a spa skimmer to remove particles as soon as you see them in your spa, and keep your cover on at all times when spa is not in use. If your water levels dipped too low or you've freshly filled your spa, there may be an airlock in the pump which again leads to poor flow and cloudy water, though in this case you'll sometimes see an error message displaying on your keypad to alert you to the problem. Always make sure water level stays consistently 2-3 inches above the filter level, and when doing a fresh fill always fill the water through the filter compartment itself so the filtration and pump systems are filled with water first to prevent an airlock. Read our article on airlocks for more info on prevention and resolution.
If all else fails and you're still having water condition issues, completely drain your spa and fill with fresh water. This will remove the current water issues and give you a clean baseline to start with. For more tips on keeping your water clear after a fresh fill, take a look at our clear water maintenance guide.